Background and Objectives: Despite superior privileges that Multiphase motors offer in comparison with their three-phase counterparts, in the field of Multiphase linear induction motors (LIMs) few studies have been reported until now. To combine the advantages of both Multiphase motors and linear induction motors, this paper concentrates on Multiphase LIM drives considering the end effects. Methods: The main contributions of this paper can be divided into two major categories. First, a comparative study has been conducted about the dynamic performance of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Genetic-PI controller for a seven-phase LIM drive; and second, because of the superior performance of the FLC method revealed from the results, the harmonic pollution of the FLC based LIM drive has been studied in the case of supplying through a five-level Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) VSI and then compared with the traditional two-level VSI fed one. Results: The five-level CHB-VSI has utilized a multiband hysteresis modulation scheme and the two-level VSI has used the traditional three-level hysteresis modulation strategy. Note that for harmonic distortion assessment both harmonic and interharmonic components are considered in THD calculations. Conclusion: The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed FLC for seven-phase LIM drive supplied with five-level CHB-VSI and guarantee for perfect control characteristics, lower maximum starting current, and significant harmonic and interharmonic reduction.

 Background: Endometriosis is a prevalent women's health disorder that lacks a definitive cure. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the underlying causes of this disease and select the most effective pharmaceutical intervention. ISL LIM homeobox 2 (ISL2) plays a significant role in promoting angiogenesis. Contemporary investi­gations strongly suggest that inhibiting angiogenesis could lead to the modulation of endometriosis and reduce associ­ated symptoms. This study aims to repurpose drugs to target ISL2 for endometriosis treatment.Materials and Methods: In this computational study, we sought to confirm that ISL2 is an appropriate target for this study by evaluating its expression in the endometrial tissues of patients diagnosed with endometriosis, as well as in tissues from a control group of healthy women. Subsequently, we used computational techniques to select the best inhibitor for ISL2 from among select food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs.Results: There was a significant increase ISL2 gene expression in the tissues of women with endometriosis. Therefore, we selected the ISL2 protein as a target for drug repurposing. Initial docking results revealed that, out of 2471 FDA-approved drugs, six (Dactinomycin, Paritaprevir, Ivermectin, Ergotamine, Alectinib, and Simeprevir) exhibited the most favourable binding energy (ΔG ≤-8 kcal/mol) with ISL2. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of these six complexes showed that Ivermectin displayed the lowest root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) and root mean square deviation (RMSD), as well as the highest count of hydrogen bonds and number of contacts, which indicated a more stable forma­tion of this complex with ISL2.Conclusion: Although these six drugs appear to be promising candidates for modulating endometriosis, Ivermectin is more likely to effectively inhibit ISL2.

Peppermint known as important medicinal plants that used in the food, medical and pharmaceutical industry. In present study the effect of drought stress at four levels: 100 (as control), 75, 50 and 25% field capacity (FC) were investigated on expression of LIMonene synthase (LIM) and menthol dehydrogenase (mdeh) genes in menthol pathway as well as morpho-physiological responses and performance of peppermint essential oil was evaluated using GC-MS analysis. Results showed that drought stress effect on fresh and dry weight of shoot, leaf area, leaf number, proline content and relative water content (RWC) significantly (P˂ 0. 01) differences. Drought stress caused a significant decrease in the morphological traits also the proline content and relative water content increased and declined respectively. Essential oil yield increased under drought stress condition, although the increase was not significant. The relative expression of LIM gene increase at 75 and 50% FC, while showed a significant decreased at 25% FC. The relative expression of mdeh gene decreased at three regime of irrigation compared to control, significantly. In general, drought stress increased oil yield but its quality was declined.

Natural debris floods travel in straight and meandering courses. The flow behaviour greatly depends on the volume fractions of solid and fluid, as well as on their dynamic interactions with the channel geometry. For the quasi three-dimensional simulations of flow dynamics and mass transport of these floods through meandering and straight channels, we employ a two-phase debris flow model to carry out simulations for debris floods within straight and sine-generated meandering channels of different amplitudes. The results for different sinuous meandering paths are compared with that in the straight one in terms of phase velocity, downslope advection and dispersion, depths of the maxima, deposition of mass, position of front and rear parts of the solid and fluid phases, and also the flow dynamics out of the conduits. The results reveal the slowing of the flow and increase of momentary deposition of the mixture mass in the vicinity of the bends along with the increasing sinuosity. The numerical experiments are useful to better understand the dynamics of debris floods down meandering channels as seen in the natural paths of the rivers as well as already existing channels like episodic rivers in hilly regions. The results can be extended to propose some appropriate mitigation strategies.

A Multiphase flow meter is designed to measure the flow rate of two or more phases without phaseseparation. The flow meter must be accurate enough for the desired application. It must be capable to measure the specifications throughout phase fraction of each phase, independent of the flow regime. Various factors are effective on selection of the flowmeter. Moreover, various procedures are present for measurement of multi-phase flows. In this study, a comprehensive review has been implemented on various technologies in multi-phase flowmeasurement in oil industry and the basis of various measurement techniques has been investigated. The advantages, requirements, and constraints of each technology have been reviewed. Finally, the recent advances in this field have been provided for the researchers.

Background: This study was performed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo Leishmanicidal potential of morphine (Mph), imiquimod (IQ), and their combination. Methods: Leishmania infantum promastigote and amastigote assays were performed at the presence of 0. 015– 150μ M Mph, 0. 04– 416μ M IQ, and their combination. The inhibition effects of these drugs on promastigotes were evaluated after 24, 48, and 72h. The cytotoxic effects of the drugs were evaluated by MTT as well as flow cytometry after 72h. We explored the therapeutic effects of Mph and IQ in BALB/c mice at the end of the treatment using parasite load de-termination and cytokine assay. One group of mice received Mph for three weeks before infection. Results: The results of promastigote and amastigote assays showed the cytotoxic effects of the drugs at low concentra-tions. The cytotoxic effects were higher on promastigotes than amastigotes (p< 0. 05). There was a negative correlation between drug concentration and amastigote/promastigote viability. Imiquimod alone or combined with Mph showed remarkable cytotoxic effects at all concentrations (p< 0. 05). Flow cytometry results revealed apoptosis in the parasite following exposure to the drug combinations. Accordingly, the reduction of parasite loads in the spleen and liver was observed (p< 0. 05) with simultaneous increases in IFN-γ and IL-4. We believe that the in vivo leishmanicidal effect was mediated by Mph through IL-4 and by IQ through both IL-4 and IFN-γ . Conclusion: Results pointed out the promising effects of Mph and IQ at low concentrations, especially when combined.

In this paper the plastic deformation of single phase and two-phase polycrystal materials is studied both experimentally and by a FEM model computation, taking into account crystal plasticity. A fully coupled constitutive elastic-plastic crystal plasticity model is developed and implemented in the finite element model to define the single crystal material.A polycrystal lattice as an aggregate of single crystal grains with various orientations is both simulated and analyzed by means of unit cell method. The user-subroutine has been written for single crystals materials. Many experimental tests of polycrystal materials have been performed to trust the results of simulations. The stress versus strain dependence as obtained from this FEM-model appears to be in good accordance with experimental results.

The lattice Boltzmann models, especially the pseudopotential models, have been developed to investigate multicomponent Multiphase fluids in presence of phase change process. However, the interparticle force between different components causes compressibility error in the non-phase-change component. This restricts the model capability in quantitative analysis of the physical foaming process, such as expansion rate and decay time. In the present study, a multicomponent Multiphase pseudopotential phase change model (the MMPPCM) is improved by introducing an effective mass form of high-pressure-difference multicomponent model in the non-phase-change component. The improved model is compared with the MMPPCM based on simulations of the phase change process of static and moving fluids, as well as the physical foaming process. Density variation of non-phase-change component and its effect on flow field characteristics are analyzed during the phase change process. Simulation results of physical foaming process lead to about 10% ~ 20% reduction of the compressibility error for the improved model as compared with the results of MMPPCM. The improved model also enhances the computational stability of phase change simulation of the static droplets.